PIC16F87T-E/ML【PDF 45/200 页】IC MCU FLASH 4KX14 EEPROM 28QFN

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139

8008H–AVR–04/11

ATtiny48/88

that the TWINT bit is set in the value written. Writing a one to TWINT clears the flag.

The TWI will not start any operation as long as the TWINT bit in TWCR is set. Immedi-

ately after the application has cleared TWINT, the TWI will initiate transmission of the

data packet.

When the data packet has been transmitted, the TWINT Flag in TWCR is set, and

TWSR is updated with a status code indicating that the data packet has successfully

been sent. The status code will also reflect whether a Slave acknowledged the packet

or not.

The application software should now examine the value of TWSR, to make sure that the

data packet was successfully transmitted, and that the value of the ACK bit was as

expected. If TWSR indicates otherwise, the application software might take some spe-

cial action, like calling an error routine. Assuming that the status code is as expected,

the application must write a specific value to TWCR, instructing the TWI hardware to

transmit a STOP condition. Which value to write is described later on. However, it is

important that the TWINT bit is set in the value written. Writing a one to TWINT clears

the flag. The TWI will not start any operation as long as the TWINT bit in TWCR is set.

Immediately after the application has cleared TWINT, the TWI will initiate transmission

of the STOP condition. Note that TWINT is NOT set after a STOP condition has been

sent.

Even though this example is simple, it shows the principles involved in all TWI transmissions.

These can be summarized as follows:

When the TWI has finished an operation and expects application response, the TWINT Flag

is set. The SCL line is pulled low until TWINT is cleared.

When the TWINT Flag is set, the user must update all TWI Registers with the value relevant

for the next TWI bus cycle. As an example, TWDR must be loaded with the value to be

transmitted in the next bus cycle.

After all TWI Register updates and other pending application software tasks have been

completed, TWCR is written. When writing TWCR, the TWINT bit should be set. Writing a

one to TWINT clears the flag. The TWI will then commence executing whatever operation

was specified by the TWCR setting.

In the following an assembly and C implementation of the example is given. Note that the code

below assumes that several definitions have been made, for example by using include-files.

Assembly Code Example

C Example

Comments

ldi

r16,

(1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWSTA)|

(1<<TWEN)

out

TWCR, r16

TWCR = (1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWSTA)|

(1<<TWEN)

Send START condition

wait1:

r16,TWCR

sbrs

r16,TWINT

rjmp

wait1

while

(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)))

;

Wait for TWINT Flag set. This

indicates that the START

condition has been transmitted

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